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Equity approach : This valuation method is based on the accounting data. As the accounts are kept at historical value, the assets must be adjusted to the market value.
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Free cash flow approach : The value of the company is calculated on the basis of future cash flows. In other words, the valuation is based on predictions of how much money the company will earn in the future.
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Multiples approach: When valuing on the basis of multiples, a company is valued on the basis of a multiple of results. A 'multiple' refers to the ratio between enterprise value and a key figure in the profit and loss account, such as enterprise value/operating result (e.g. 5 times EBITDA).
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Specific approaches : Some sectors have a sector-specific approach, in which case the valuation "focuses" on turnover and/or other elements.